EY1920 Year Book

197 196 MBBS Enrichment Year 2019/20 Wong Jerry Overview The MPH programme aims to provide a deep insight on how the various components of public health impacts practices. The HEPM speciality gave me further understanding on how leadership, governance, financial conditions and economic considerations shapes the way healthcare is managed. Highlights CMED 6201 Principles of Public Health This was a wonderful class discussing current health affairs with the Dean which provided us with deep insights as to how major themes of public health has influenced the prioritisation of health issues around the world and the problems that they raise in the current era. CMED 6109 Health Accounting and Finance This course focuses on healthcare financing methods such as capitation and fee for service and explores how these methods influence the incentives of healthcare organisation. It also provides an introductory view on various accounting terms and techniques which allows the cooperate to identify its financial status and make adjustments CMED 6203 Health Economics This course focuses on the impact of supply and demand on the healthcare system which provides me knowledge on how classical economic models predict human behaviours and its limitation. It also introduced the concept of bounded rationality as the foundation of behavioural economics, supporting the usage of biases and heuristics in human behaviour nudge healthier choices. CMED 6900 Health Policy and Politics This course focuses on formulating health policies based on known problems and socio-economical characteristics of the health system and understand the how health policies can be implemented in real life scenarios. In the course, I looked into the the impact of implicit biases on the access of healthcare service in the US in the form of cultural, social and language barrier which hinders the effectiveness of healthcare insurance. Stakeholder analysis were also carried out to identify potential barriers to implementing the policies and understand difficulties in negotiation and implementation. Conclusion Overall, this was a fruitful year that stimulated my thoughts and gave me a better insight on the field of public health and how healthcare is managed. It brought me into thinking how different components function behind the scenes in the healthcare setting and appreciate the work that is required to make the system work. Full Year < IC - MPH at HK U, H o ng K o ng > Wong Jerry Wong King Sum Chlorella vulgaris & Chlorella pyrenoidosa medical application Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella pyrenoidosa can produce numerous beneficial effect such as : In Mice: Act as an anti-oxidant • Decompose peroxides • Neutralise free radical Chlorella vulgaris will decrease the lipid membrane peroxidation of the cell by stopping the production of the reactive oxygen species. Possible mechanism would be the Chlorella vulgaris extract absorb the free radical present and increase the level of reduced-glutathione level which enhance the antioxidant effect Immune system enhancer In fish: Up regulating the mRNA level of Natural Killer cell Enhancing Factor B, Major Histocompatibility Complex II and IgM antibody In Chicken: Chlorella dietary supplement will increase the level of white blood cells, IgA, IgM, IgG antibodies Anti-inflammatory activity: In rat peritoneal mast cell, it shows that the degranulation of the histamine is inhibited by treating the cell with hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris , this would inhibit the calcium uptake of the mast cell. The hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris will increase the production of IFN-gamma by T cell and this would suppress the production of IgE antibody by B cell, a lower level of IgE will reduce the binding to mast cells and cause degranulation of histamine. Anti-cancer effect: Chlorella pyrenoidosa could induce the mitochondrial- mediated pathway of apoptosis in HT-29 cells which produce an anti-cancer effect, the strength of the anti-cancer effect also increase with concentration of the algal extract Treating Hyperlipidemia: In animals: extract of Chlorella vulgaris decrease the total and beta lipoprotein levels and increase fecal excretion of glycolipid and phospholipid and may bind to the dietary fat and bile acids to reduce total lipid uptake in gastrointestinal tract. MBBS Enrichment Year 2019/20 Wong King Sum Sem 1 < R A - Pharmacological activity of chlorella at D e p artment of Chemistry and B iochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, T aiwan >; Sem 2 < IC - Elective Courses at HKU, Hong Kong > Chlorella could act as a supplement and a kind of alternative medicine Supplement for pregnant women: Chlorella pyrenoidosa powder act as a source of iron and folate which could reduce the problem of anemia in pregnant women. Chlorella pyrenoidosa extract could trigger the production of IL-10 which prevent the shifting of Th1/Th2 balance to the Th1 and prevent the endothelial cells from being damaged and cause dysfunction, this could prevent proteinuria and edema in pregnant women