MBBS Enrichment Year 2018-19

ŶƌŝĐŚŵĞŶƚ zĞĂƌ 'ĂůĂ ĂǇ ĞWŽƐƚĞƌ DZ ^΀D ΁ ƉƌŽƐƉĞĐƚŝǀĞ͕ ŽďƐĞƌǀĂƚŝŽŶĂů ƐƚƵĚǇ ƚŽ ŝŶǀĞƐƚŝŐĂƚĞ ƚŚĞ ĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚŝŽŶƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŐƵƚ ŵŝĐƌŽďŝŽŵĞ ǁŝƚŚ ǀĂƐĐƵůĂƌ ĂŶĚ ďƌĂŝŶ ŚĞĂůƚŚ ,ƐƵ ^Śŝ ^ŚŝŶ Assessments for 300 healthy Hong Kong Chinese 1. Body parameters (BMI, waist-hip ratio, ambulatory BP, AF screen) 2. Vascular ultrasounds (FMD, carotid IMT) 3. Brachial arterial stiffness (OMRON VP-1000) 4. Ankle-brachial index (OMRON VP-1000) 5. Cognitive function (MoCA and Stroop task) 6. Physical activity & sleep-wake information using Actigraph watch 7. Diet questionnaires (Food Frequency questionnaire) 8. Blood tests (FBG, lipid profile, TMAO etc.) 9. Spot urine for Na+ 10. Gut microbiome genomic analysis 11. OSA (STOP-Bang Questionnaire) 12. Mental health (DASS 21) 13. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) 14. Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis (Fibro Scan) 15. Brain MRI World Stroke Day is an annual event that aims to raise awareness of the prevention and treatment of the condition and ensure better care and support for survivors and also their caretakers. Mental health issues especially depression is common amongst stroke survivors, with systematic reviews showing that the prevalence of depression is as high as 33% amongst stroke survivors and may be related to the rapid decline in quality of life as well as the self-portrayed burden on their caretakers. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness (CIMT) 1. Images acquired from proximal CCA, middle CCA, distal CCA, carotid bifurcation, ICA segments on both right and left neck 2. The ultrasound probe should be tilted at each of the above 5 segments to give an anterior, lateral and posterior view for images to be taken 3. An automated IMT tool performs measurement along long-axis of vessel over the region of interest Flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery 1. Reactive hyperaemia leads to a temporary increase in blood flow 2. Increased blood flow induces shear stress 3. The endothelium acts as a mechano-transducer that senses changes in shear stress and subsequently modifies the output of dilator factors FibroScan® examination, a non-invasive test that relies on ultrasound and low- frequency elastic waves to detect the presence liver abnormalities. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is used to suggest hepatic steatosis and a separate fibrosis score to measure fibrosis of the liver Hsu Shi Shin 79